Check it out and protect your feline friend!
What is Dermatophytosis?
Dermatophytosis is a highly contagious superficial fungal infection that weakens the immune system and makes the animal susceptible to secondary infections. It can affect cats of all ages, breeds, and sizes.
It is also classified as a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from pets to humans who come into contact with an infected animal.
What Causes the Disease?
The disease can be caused by three types of pathogenic fungi:
- Microsporum canis: A zoophilic fungus, meaning it prefers animal hosts, including humans. It colonizes the skin, nails, and fur.
- Microsporum gypseum: A geophilic fungus that lives in the soil and affects animals and humans through direct contact with contaminated ground.
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes: Another zoophilic fungus, commonly found in rodents.
These fungi are often present in plants, soil, and grass. However, they can also reside in litter boxes, blankets, and other objects used by an infected pet. Animal shelters may also harbor these fungi if they do not establish proper quarantine for newly arrived cats.
Dermatophytosis is mainly transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, whether from fights, scratches, bites, licking of wounds, or simple physical contact. However, the disease can also be contracted from contaminated environments and objects, such as soil, carpets, beds, and more.
While the condition can affect cats of all ages, sizes, and breeds, certain factors increase susceptibility, such as:
- Poor hygiene;
- Presence of parasites;
- History of illness;
- Weak immune system;
- Incomplete drying of fur after bathing;
- Frequent exposure to humid environments.
What Are the Symptoms of Dermatophytosis in Cats?
Dermatophytosis is primarily characterized by:
- Skin inflammation;
- Boils;
- Flaking;
- Intense itching;
- Redness;
- Localized or generalized hair loss;
- Weakening and inflammation of the nails.
Unfortunately, the disease is not always easy to identify. Many cats show no symptoms and do not develop visible lesions. However, they can still transmit the infection to other animals and humans. As a result, the disease is often only noticed when it affects pet owners.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment for dermatophytosis involves topical antifungal medications designed to eliminate the fungus from the animal and its environment. The prescribed treatment may vary depending on the cat’s health condition. In most cases, it includes fur trimming and antifungal shampoo baths.
Since it is a highly contagious disease, it is crucial to isolate the infected cat until the treatment is complete. The pet’s toys, water fountains, food bowls, and other objects should be removed to prevent the spread of dermatophytosis to other pets and household members. When handling the cat during treatment, wear gloves and long sleeves to avoid direct contact with its skin and fur.
It is important to highlight that there is no home remedy for dermatophytosis. If you notice any signs of the disease, consult a veterinarian and follow their recommendations. Never attempt to medicate the cat on your own, as this could worsen the condition and lead to additional health problems.
Are There Ways to Prevent It?
There is no specific vaccine to combat dermatophytosis in cats. However, there are several prevention tips you can follow:
1. Keep Vaccinations and Parasite Control Up to Date
Although no vaccine exists for dermatophytosis, keeping your cat’s vaccination schedule up to date helps prevent other illnesses and strengthens its immune system.
Additionally, flea and tick medications should be administered at appropriate intervals to keep your cat free from parasites that could weaken its immunity.
2. Brush Your Cat’s Fur Daily
Regular brushing helps remove fungal spores that could lead to infections. Plus, it is an excellent opportunity to check for red spots, inflammation, or areas of hair loss.
3. Dry Your Cat Thoroughly After a Bath
Baths are sometimes necessary, particularly during dermatophytosis treatment or if the cat gets excessively dirty. No matter the reason, always ensure your cat’s fur is completely dry, as moisture promotes fungal growth.
4. Keep the Environment and Objects Clean
Regular and thorough cleaning of your cat’s environment and belongings helps prevent fungal spore spread and reinfection. You can wash pet items with mild detergent and water, while surfaces can be disinfected with pet-safe cleaning products.
5. Keep Your Cat Indoors
Cats should not roam outside unsupervised. Outdoor access increases the risk of encountering infected animals and exposes them to dangers such as fights, falls, and traffic accidents.
If you wish to take your cat outside, always use a harness and leash, choosing quiet, controlled areas for exploration.
6. Consider Spaying or Neutering
Spaying and neutering reduce aggressive behaviors, lowering the likelihood of fights with infected animals. Additionally, the procedure helps prevent serious diseases that could compromise the immune system, such as breast and prostate cancer.